The Russian invasion of Ukraine raised public concerns about not only the country's independence but also the established democratic world order. Vladimir Putin's distorted interpretation of historical sources and denial of Ukraine's independence provided the theoretical basis for the start of the war. In these circumstances, Ukrainian cultural heritage was threatened by both Putin's ideology and Russian missiles. Today, when Russian museums are used as an important instrument of colonial state propaganda, it is extremely important to examine the role of museums in the creation of local national identities and highlight their international and multicultural context. This project focuses on a comparative study of collection history in Swedish and Ukrainian history museums. Swedish museums hold archaeological artifacts and historical objects and documents of Ukrainian origin, some of which came to Sweden during the Viking Age, the early Middle Ages or the Reformation and constitute material evidence of contacts between the countries. The main focus of the project is collection history based on Ukrainian objects in Swedish museums and Swedish (or more broadly, Nordic) objects in Ukrainian museum collections. The aim is to draw attention to and account for this material and explore how knowledge of the collections can influence national narratives in both countries. Another task is to elaborate some theoretical and methodological views that can help Swedish and Ukrainian museums to resist Russian state propaganda.